A guide to salivary gland disorders mcewen 1997 aorn. This article discusses salivary gland disorders and provides nurses with a broad base of knowledge for use in planning and implementing perioperative patient care. Main content welcome to the center for sialendoscopy and salivary gland disorders. Disorders of the salivary gland small animal soft tissue. Some of the most common salivary gland disorders include. They may present with acute, chronic or recurrent symptoms. Doctors classify salivary gland tumors based on the type of cells involved in the tumors. Diagnosing, managing, and preventing salivary gland disorders. Salivary gland abnormalities and salivary dysfunction are important orofacial disorders. Mar 12, 2012 f infection viral bacterial mycoticg autoimmune disorders sjogrens syndrome mikuliczs disease uveoparotid fever recurrent non specific parotitis 8. Salivary gland tumors symptoms and causes mayo clinic. In addition to these major glands, 600 to 1,000 very tiny, minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the mouth and throat. Salivary gland tumours tumours of salivary glands represent a complex and histopathologically diverse group of tumour diagnosis and management is complicated by the fact that they are in frequent making up only 1% of head and neck tumour proper management require and accurate diagnosis by the pathologists and physicians. Salivary glands may be affected by a number of diseases.
The majority of these tumors reoccur after curative surgical procedures. Diagnosis and management fi lls a major gap in the. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. Oct 26, 2018 many different types of salivary gland tumors exist. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as mumps or sjogrens syndrome. Usually, colicky postprandial swelling of the gland. Usually a careful history and examination give initial clues as to the cause and ultrasound is generally the first line of investigation. Salivary gland problems most often manifest as submandibular swelling, which can either be painful or nonpainful depending on the underlying cause. Necrotizing sialometaplasia has also been termed salivary gland necrosis or infarction. Excluding viralinduced infections, diseases of the salivary glands are rare in children and adolescents. Jun 01, 2014 salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. Diagnosis and management fills a major gap in the literature by presenting modern and uptodate knowledge on all aspects of this important field. Patients with salivary gland disease sgd present with unique objective andor subjec tive signs.
They are located under the moist skin that lines the. Sjogrens syndrome is another common salivary gland disorder. A salivary gland infection is typically caused by a bacterial infection. There are three pairs of relatively large, major salivary glands. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in. Diagnosis and management ebook description overall, the text is easy to read and a valuable resource for any head and neck surgeon who desires greater insight into one of the most fascinating glands in the human body. Tiny, calciumrich stones sometimes form inside the salivary glands. Dehydration is a risk factor for certain salivary gland disorders. A 46yearold man with salivary duct carcinoma of the right parotid gland presented for evaluation of a 3week history of multiple new pruritic skin lesions on the right chest and endorsed erythematous skin changes within the field of radiation. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of salivary gland infection. Salivary disorders in small animals merck veterinary manual. The prevalence of xerostomia and salivary gland disorders is difficult to. An accurate diagnosis for these patients requires a range of.
Written by the internationally leading authorities, salivary gland disorders and diseases. The majority of patients treated for salivary disorders are those with. The disorders themselves cover a broad array of diseases, both benign and malignant. Salivary gland pathology book also available for read online, mobi, docx and mobile and kindle reading. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune salivary gland. Right scintigram r demonstrates absence of parotid and submandibular gland radioisotope concentration because of gland aplasia in the same patient. Management of salivary disorders encompasses a broad array of diseases, both benign and malignant. An estimated 750 deaths related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. It occurs when white blood cells target healthy cells in moistureproducing glands, such as the salivary, sweat, and oil glands. There are three pairs of major salivary glands and several hundred minor salivary.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia occurs most often in the minor salivary glands of the posterior palate, which accounts for more than 75% of cases. A salivary gland aplasia has caused unique dental chipping pattern. Salivary gland disorders and diseases pdf free pdf epub. The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. All salivary gland swellings need urgent referral and. Salivary mucocele formation is the most common disease of the salivary gland in the dog and cat. Corresponding to the low prevalence of salivary gland disorders in childhood, there is little evidence on this subject in the literature. Salivary gland disease is managed by a number of specialities.
Salivary gland neoplasms make up 1% of all head and neck tumors 90. However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. Successful diagnosis has proved to be dependent on the organized integration of. Inflammatory acute suppurative sialadenitis disorders of salivary glands pathophysiology reduced body mobility reduced saliva mobility staph. Developmental anomalies aberrant salivary glands an aberrant or ectopic is salivary gland tissue that develops at a site where it is not normally found. Salivary gland disease an overview sciencedirect topics.
We hope that you will find the information here to be helpful, whether you are a patient with salivary gland disease, a physician seeking information, potential resident or an interested lay person. Malignant lesions typically present after age 60, while benign lesions usually present after age 40. F infection viral bacterial mycoticg autoimmune disorders sjogrens syndrome mikuliczs disease uveoparotid fever recurrent non specific parotitis 8. Aplasia is the complete absence of one or more salivary gland which leads to xerostomia, and affected patients are more susceptible to dental caries. The chart showing pdf series, word series, html series, scan qr codes. Salivary gland disorders in children and adolescents. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs when salivary rates are reduced and this can result in xerostomia dry mouth. Salivary stones account for half of salivary gland disorders in the uk, with 5.
Treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. Therefore, routine examina tion of salivary function must be part of any head. Jun 18, 2018 treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is. To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy, physiology, and dysfunction in various states of disease. The effects of these disorders on the salivary glands have a profound impact on oral health and functions. B scintigraphy l demonstrates radioisotope pickup by salivary glands in normal patient.
The presentation can be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Download salivary gland pathology in pdf and epub formats for free. Salivary gland cysts cystic lesions of salivary gland may be congenital, which include first branchial cleft cysts fig. Salivary gland disorders ear, nose, and throat disorders. Presentation is key to diagnosing salivary gland disorders. Jan 16, 2020 some of the most common salivary gland disorders include. Atresia is the congenital occlusion or absence of salivary ducts which leads to xerostomia or mucous retention cyst. Salivary gland disorders karan jolly, paul davies, neil. For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to. It can be seen in dogs mostly small breeds such as terriers of all ages, most often 38 yr old. To help maintain good oral health, its important to drink lots of liquid every day to promote good saliva production. Center for sialendoscopy and salivary gland disorders home. The parotid gland is located in front of the ear, and it secretes its mostly serous saliva via the parotid duct stenson duct. Salivary gland disorders may be caused by nonneoplastic conditions or neoplasms.
Dec 18, 2015 salivary gland problems may be due to infection, inflammation, obstruction or tumours. Explore the latest in salivary gland disorders, including recent advances in diagnosis and management of parotitis and salivary gland cancer. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. Basic salivary gland pathology 1 basic salivary gland pathology jennifer l. Written by worldrenowned experts, salivary gland disorders and diseases. As a result, gps often only experience limited exposure to salivary gland disorders. For salivary gland stones, people can take pain relievers analgesics, drink extra fluids, massage the glands, apply warm compresses, and trigger saliva flow with lemon juice or wedges, sour candy, or a combination.
To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy, physiology, and dysfunction in various states. Salivary glands are unique because of the manifold subtypes of benign and malignant diseases found there. Salivary gland disorders dental clinics of north america. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune salivary gland disorders. Ultrasound stones appears as markedly hyperechoic lines or points with distal acoustic shadowing. Causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. Bacterial infection of the salivary gland, most commonly the parotid gland, may result when the duct into the mouth is blocked. Worldwide, the annual incidence of tumors of salivary gland origin represents more than 0. The presentation of salivary gland pathology to general practice is relatively infrequent. The condition also sometimes develops at other minor salivary gland sites. Common presentations, such as a painful or swollen gland, can be caused by numerous disorders of strikingly variable severity and consequences, including inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions, for which treatment can differ significantly, and referral for specialty care is sometimes necessary.
If the stone does not pass on its own, a dentist can sometimes push the stone out by pressing on both sides of the duct. Salivary gland diseases sgd are multiple and varied in cause there are three paired major salivary glands in humans the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands, and about 800 minor salivary glands in the mucosa of the mouth. Apr 02, 2020 causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. Various examples of disorders affecting the salivary glands are listed below. The most common of these is a condition called sjogrens syndrome, which results in you having a very dry mouth. Differential diagnoses for submandibular swelling include inflammation, abscess formation, lymphadenopathy, neoplasia, or salivary mucocele.
Evaluation of patients with suspected salivary gland disorders figure 1. Salivary gland disorders american family physician. A generalised swelling of salivary glands can be caused by illness of other body systems systemic illness. Knowing the type of salivary gland tumor you have helps your doctor determine which treatment options are best for you. For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the. The salivary gland cancers account for approximately 6% percent of neoplasms of head and neck cancers stenner and klussmann, 2009. Evaluation methods for xerostomia and salivary gland function are presented. Dryness of the mouth xerostomia is the most common symptom associated with salivary gland dysfunction. Algorithm for determining the etiology of salivary gland swelling. Involvement of major salivary gland tissue is distinctly rare, usually being reported in.
To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy. Some are more common than others, and they are considered according to a surgical sieve, but this list is not exhaustive. Acute suppurative sialadenitis presents as rapidonset pain and swelling and is treated with antibiotics, salivary massage, hydration, and sialagogues such as lemon drops or vitamin c lozenges. The salivary glands make saliva and release it into the mouth. Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva.
From new findings at the molecular level, to diagnostic advances in. M aking a diagnosis of a salivary gland disorder can be difficult. Located in the upper part of each cheek, close to the ear. This unique feature represents the mixture of air and saliva within the limited confines of the duct lumen. Acquired cysts may be a result of obstruction, trauma or surgical complication. Other illnesses which can cause swellings in the salivary glands include. There are three major types of salivary mucocele based on the location of the. Involvement of major salivary gland tissue is distinctly rare, usually being reported in the parotid gland. Jan 22, 2014 an estimated 750 deaths related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. Figure 1 major salivary glands and their related structures.
Jul 04, 2017 a generalised swelling of salivary glands can be caused by illness of other body systems systemic illness. Pdf download salivary gland pathology free unquote books. Mouth dryness or thick saliva american cancer society also in spanish. Patients with such problems are usually seen in the dental office for evaluation and therapy, and the. Salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. There is squamous metaplasia of the salivary gland ducts and lobules, with ischemic necrosis of the salivary gland lobules. Approximately three fourths of all salivary gland tumors occur in the major salivary glands. The salivary glands are found in and near your mouth, face, and neck.
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