The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand. Studies show that the high lpc leader, who is permissive, nondirective, and considerate in his approach to the group, does tend to promote better group relations and more member satisfaction fiedler et al. The relationship between leadership and personality. The first relates to team basics, which must be applied rigorously to overcome the barriers that prevent the relationships required in what they term a real team. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free.
Mcgregor 1960 was among the first management writers to focus on the. Mcgregor 1960 developed the theory x theory y model in which he states that theory x leadership resembles authoritarian behavior and is based on the assumption that the power of the leader comes from the position he or she occupies, and that people are basically lazy and unreliable. Sarah simpson is a freelance trainer, lecturer, writer and the owner of dragontooth training and consultancy. Conversely, theory y leadership resembles democratic. Britain, with its rich literary heritage has produced more famous writers than any other country. Yet, mcgregors 1960 assumption that employees perform. American filmmaker george lucas is the creator of the all time classics star wars and indiana jones. In addition, people have a natural inclination to learn and accept and seek justice. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility.
In 1960, mcgregor defined theory x as the idea that workers were just cogs in a wheel who needed to be bullied and punished in order to do their work accurately which sounds like he was referring to webers theory. If you cant find the service you are looking for, just drop us a message or whatsapp us we can help with any academic writing. Mcgregor 1967 and schein 1974 were published by his colleaguesthe first of these volumes, the professional manager, provides further development of mcgregor s thinking around managerial assumptions, while the hawthorne group studies revisited by edgar schein provide further. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. This approach is espoused by cowley 1928, who posited that a leader as. Backgrounds douglas mcgregor was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management. Motivation factors of blue collar workers verses white collar. In 1960, douglas mcgregor proposed theory x and theory y, which classified managers based. Th formee ir derives d from traditional management theor any maintaind as very.
The antecedents and outcomes of mcgregors theory endorsement. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Theory x workers were lazy, irrational and unreliable, and were only motivated by money and. In addition, he believes that creativity is a matter for the entire organization and must be distributed among the entire population. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in. Douglas mcgregor the text deals with policies and practices in the management of human resources in business and industrial organization, examining them in the light of current social science knowledge about human. Photograph your local culture, help wikipedia and win. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Mar 24, 2014 mcgregor named these assumptions as theory x and theory this essay would examine the pros and cons of this theory of employee motivation, followed by writer s opinion.
Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Vroom 1 964 stated that ones motivation to work is a multiplicative function of three factors. A contingency model of leadership effectiveness sciencedirect. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on. The scientific management assignment research writer.
Mcgregor 1960 argues that the achievement is a function of rewards associated with achieves them. Relationship between leadership and personality 4 focus less on complianceinduction theory and more on the concept of leadership as a product of group processes and as a form of persuasion where there is a reciprocal relationship between leaders and followers. Theory x and theory y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing management styles. The ability to attract, retain and develop talented. Mar 12, 2018 douglas mcgregors theories x and y douglas mcgregor 19061964 was an american social psychologist who introduced his x and y theories in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Implication of motivational theories in an organization.
Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia. Black panther, comic strip superhero created for marvel comics by writer stan lee and artist jack kirby. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. James macgregor burns august 3, 1918 in melrose, ma july 15, 2014 in williamstown, ma was an american historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on leadership studies. Our office is not open for facetoface meetings however our support agents are still here to help you 247. These findings were detailed in the human side of enterprise, first published in 1960. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. According to theory x, managers assume that the average employee is lazy, dislikes work, are incapable of selfdirection and will not indulge in hard work. In the 1960 s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. He also taught at the indian institute of management calcutta. At the time of mcgregors writing, there was increasing attention being given to the. He was the woodrow wilson professor of government emeritus at williams college and. Mcgregor convincingly argued that atmosphere is affecting the functioning of groups mcgregor, 1960 and in developing his argument he constantly used rather strong emotional words like to be afraid being foolish, tyranny of the minority, to.
Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. He was honoured with the best dramatic presentation at the hugo awards for his films raiders of the lost ark 1980 and return of the jedi 1983. Document resume thomas, vernadine what research says about. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. It took 12 years for it to come to my attention, and his lingo didnt enter the mainstream of vocabulary until the early eighties. Nov 28, 2018 douglas mcgregors x y theory is nearly the polar opposite of webers bureaucratic theory. Sappho of lesbos 1960 school for sin 1960 cains book 1960 poetry. He introduced a new motivational theory in his book the human side of enterprise, stating that all workers were divided into two groups. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. She is passionate about designing and delivering bespoke courses covering the public, private and third sector. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of. These two theories help the managers of the organizations to see the perception of the employees on the basis of various assumptions adair, 1993. The writer s data may throw some light on this question.
According to him theory x is negative and theory y is positive. In 1993 mcgregor was listed as the most popular management writer alongside henri fayol andreas. People are an organizations most valuable asset and. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles and has formed the basis for much subsequent writing on the subject. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Douglas mcgregor 1960 a thinker, leader, management and leadership theorist postulated over three decades ago that every leader has core assumptions about human. He proposes what he believes is a more practical alternative. Undivided of taylors basic arrogances was the exertioners regular addiction to soldiering taylor, 1967, p. Pdf the effect of employees motivation on organizational. Mcgregor in 1960 recommended that managers motivate employees based on whether the worker is either externally or intrinsically motivated. Apr 03, 2003 the corpse walker introduces us to regular men and women at the bottom of chinese society, most of whom have been battered by life but have managed to retain their dignity. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Compare with maslow and mcgregor theory free essays.
A trocchi reader, 1991 seaver, richard, terry southern and alexander trocchi eds. The human side of enterprise by douglas mcgregor 1960. Most influential management books of the 20th century pdf. Gregor mcgregor 18481914, scottishborn australian politician and. Owen 1857 saw the value of the individual worker and expressed his beliefs in writing and in practice. Research files on legal history, civil rights, iowa. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Callum is one of the first noughts to start at heathcroft high, a school for mainly crosses and only the highest performing noughts. The british literary tradition dates back to over a thousand years and has played a predominant role in shaping the development of english literature on the international scenario. He is best known for his book, the human side of enterprise, pub lished in 1960. Mcgregors 1960 theory, originally presented in the human side of enterprise, proposed that.
Management of education resource centre and capacity development in nigerian universities. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Lee and kirby created the black panther to address the dearth of prominent black characters in comics. Managers assumptions about the behaviour of people are central to this. This was followed in 1960 by the human side of enterprise, a book in which he presents a more comprehensive description of theory x and y and provides a number of theory y management practices mcgregor 1960. As best friends, their relationship is frowned upon by society, in the same way that interracial friendships in the southern united states were thought of before 1960, but in reverse. The event kicked off on our public forums as president caryn mcgregor, hosted an online celebration which included a variety of party games, such. It can be observed that in 1960 mcgregor introduced two roles of individual behavior with the help of theory y and theory x. According to mcgregor 1960, 1966, management styles that the supervisors apply in a work setting range from theory x to theory y principles.
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